GREATER GOOD BLOCKCHAIN WHITEPAPER

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT..................................................................................................... 1

BACKGROUND.............................................................................................. 2

Accord on Fire and Safety Building Safety.................................................... 3

Human Rights Watch Report on Supply Chain Transparency....................... 3

The Transparency Pledge............................................................................... 3

Corporate Human Rights Benchmark............................................................ 4

Certifications................................................................................................... 4

THE PROBLEM/CHALLENGE.................................................................... 5

Centralization of the Supply Chain................................................................. 6

Fragmented Data............................................................................................ 6

Lack of Transparency and Accountability....................................................... 6

SOLUTION...................................................................................................... 8

Why Blockchain?............................................................................................ 9

VALUE PROPOSITION.............................................................................. 10

THE GREATER GOOD BLOCKCHAIN PLATFORM........................... 11

PRODUCT ROADMAP (GO TO MARKET STRATEGY)..................... 15

LEGAL INFO................................................................................................. 18

THE TEAM.................................................................................................... 19

SUMMARY.................................................................................................... 20

ABSTRACT

Corporate social responsibility is a rapidly growing in importance to companies and consumers who are demanding that brands, retailers and corporations adopt practices that do not leave a negative impact on the environment on the following negative consequences:

• carbon and climate

• natural resources

• waste and toxicity

• human rights, labour

• health

• safety

• stakeholder and

• society and product safety and quality.

With pressure from consumers and investors, more companies are adopting ethical standards bodies and labelling practices. Up until now, corporate practices with adopting such standards have lacked transparency, traceability, auditability and accountability. The current system is fragmented relying on corporations to inform consumers whether they are certified with bodies that have positive impact on society. This has left consumers and other corporate stakeholders unable to verify corporate values, beliefs, standards, certifications and ethical practices. However, open source blockchain technology can decentralize trust permitting certification bodies and brands/companies themselves to report compliance by brands/companies on the blockchain.

However, by leveraging blockchain - a decentralized, immutable and easily auditable ledger technology, any consumer can now more easily possess the ability to obtain such information in almost real time prior to their purchase. A consumer can obtain a corporation's full supply chain and certifications to verify their adherence to ethical practices.

The Greater Good is a social impact enterprise using blockchain technology that will utilize a "dApp" (decentralized application) built on Ethereum utilizing smart contracts to assist brands and corporations in fulfilling their corporate social responsibility obligations verified by adherence to the various certifications as well as creating transparency in a company's supply chain.

With increased consumer purchasing power and a demand on companies to comply with corporate social responsibility obligations, a need for trust, transparency, accountability and verification comes into play now more than ever before - and a new blockchain solution is the answer providing the framework for real time transparency that never existed before.

BACKGROUND

This whitepaper was inspired by the tragedy that occurred in 2013 with an eight story garment factory, Rana Plaza, collapsing in Bangladesh where more than 1,110 people died[1]. The factory produced clothes for major fashion brands such as Benetton, Joe Fresh, Walmart, JC Penny and The Children's Place.

The factory was not safe and collapsed due to bad construction and poor structural components. Similar tragedies had happened at Pakistan's Ali Enterprises factory and Tazreen Fashions factory. Labour advocates have not been able to determine which brands used these factories in determining who was responsible.

The following developments urging transparency and accountability by human rights groups and investors have emerged.

Accord on Fire and Safety Building Safety

The factories entered into the Accord on Fire and Safety Building Safety in Bangladesh and the Alliance for Bangladesh Work Safety giving them until 2018 to make factories safer if they want to continue working with major North American fashion brands.

However, many factories have not yet implemented the safety measures in the accords due to the costly repairs involved. Factories that fail to comply will lose the ability to do business with Western retailers. Instead, Bangladesh will remediate those factories. However, Bangladesh lacks the resources and funding to build safer factories.

Human Rights Watch Report on Supply Chain Transparency

The Human Rights Watch released a report on supply chain transparency called "Follow the Thread: The Need for Supply Chain Transparency in the Garment and Footwear Industry". [2] The report found that only 17 of 72 apparel and footwear companies have agreed to implement a transparency pledge by the end of 2017.

A basic level of supply chain transparency in the garment industry should be the norm in the 21st century Openness about a company's supply chain is better for workers, better for human rights, and shows that companies care about preventing abuse in their supply chains

Aruna Kashypa, Senior Counsel for the Women's Rights Division at Human Rights Watch

The Transparency Pledge

The report calls for companies to adopt the Apparel and Footwear Supply Chain Transparency Pledge to publish information identifying factories that produce their clothes. The report notes that this is important and would help eliminating abusive labour practices and prevent future tragedies.

A nine member coalition of labour and human rights organizations and unions endorsed the Transparency Pledge in order to create minimum standards in publishing supplier factory information.

The coalitions consists of the Clean Clothes Campaign, Human Rights Watch, IndustriALL Global Union, the International Corporate Accountability Roundtable, the International Labor Rights Forum, the International Trade Union Confederation, the Maquila Solidarity Network, UNI Global Union and the Worker Rights Consortium). They wrote to 72 companies to urge them to carry out the Transparency Pledge.

The Transparency Pledge asks apparel companies to publish information about their suppliers and subcontractors in order to assert workers' human rights, ethical business practices as per the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. It not only helps companies fulfil their corporate obligations but also builds trust amongst consumers.

Corporate Human Rights Benchmark

In addition, the Corporate Human Rights Benchmark was endorsed by 85 investors have also urged apparel companies to make their supplier information public. The German Partnership for Sustainable Textiles also demands that companies publish their supplier information.

It was only in the 1990s and early 200s that major apparel brands began disclosing the names and addresses of their factories in response to the United Students Against Sweatshops (USAS) across university campuses. Since then, more global apparel companies are disclosing but many have not and refuse to do so. Transparency and disclosure is the first step towards combatting these human rights violations.

Certifications

Consumers are demanding certifications in order to ensure that their garments are being produced by sustainable production processes. In addition to the human rights issues such as child labour, workers wages, benefits, health and safety associated with the global apparel industry, there are also issues of using environmentally harmful processing, sustainability and animal welfare concerns. The public is demanding more transparency and pressuring corporations to meet these minimum standards.

Standards are created by public institutions, private certification companies, NGO, textile industry federations and retailers. Some of these include:

• The Control Union which helps to ensure that all the requirements of the certification standards are fulfilled in order to have a certificate issued[3].

• Sustainable Textile Production (STeP) by OEKO-TEX (www.oeko-tex.com)to ensure health and safety of works, proper use and handling of chemical, quality management and environmental impact of production and waste disposal.[4]

• United States Department of Agriculture, National Organic Program

• Soil Association Certification Limited

• OneCert

• The Institute for Marketcology (IMO)

• C2C (Cradle to Cradle www.c2certified.com)

• GreenGuard (www.greenguard.org)

• Global Recycle Standard (www.certification.controlunion.com)

• SMART (SMaRT Sustainable Products Standards www.sustainableproducts.com)

• The Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS global-standard.com)

• Social Accountability International (SAI) offer SA8000 certificate

• Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB)

• GRI which helps businesses and governments worldwide understand and communicate their impact on critical sustainability issues such as climate change, human rights, governance and social well-being

• And many others [5] (each hereinafter referred to as "Certification Authority" or collectively as "Certification Authorities")

The multitude of certification bodies makes it difficult for anyone to ascertain which certification an apparel company holds unless they inform them. A decentralized database of all the certifications a company holds could be accessed by the public.

THE PROBLEM/CHALLENGE

Corporations are seeking ways to gain consumer trust, confidence and loyalty and communicate their brand values, initiatives and philosophies.

"[t]o prosper over time, every company must not only deliver financial performance, but also show how it makes a positive contribution to society. Companies must benefit all of their stakeholders, including shareholders, employees, customers, and the communities in which they operate."

- Larry Fink, BlackRock (Jan, 2018)

Consumers have more power than ever before and are increasingly seeking to purchase or do business with other brands and corporations that embody values and philosophies similar to their own.

The current system for a consumer to determine a corporation's compliance with social responsibility responsibilities has the following challenges:

1) centralization of the supply chain so that it is fairly private and consumers are left to trust an apparel retailer to provide this information;

2)fragmented data and inability to verify certifications in the supply chain in one spot;

3)lack of transparency and accountability.

Centralization of the Supply Chain

Many corporations have taken on corporate social responsibility initiatives and certifications but consumers to not have an effective means of verifying a corporation's mission, beliefs and values with their customers and consumers. This information is centralized and controlled by the brands/companies.

There is no transparent and verifiable means by which a consumer can accurately confirm audit and check a corporations certifications without going to each certification body individually. A blockchain would decentralize this process permitting certifications bodies themselves in addition to corporation verify their compliance with their corporation social responsibility obligations.æ In addition, a consumer could also self report a breach of a corporation's violation to a certification body as those bodies will not become evident and transparent.

Fragmented Data

In addition, a consumer has no idea whether a corporation or brand is complying with various minimum international standards with respect to safety, workplace or human rights until a problem happens such as the 2013 factory collapse in Bangladesh killing over 1,000 people. Consumers demand more transparency and accountability in products being sold by corporations.

Certain certification bodies that certify sustainability standards and certifications such as fairtrade, forest stewardship council (FSC) and the Soil Association are important but difficult for a consumer to always verify and substantiate. A blockchain could help with ensuring the integrity of a various certifications making it easier for consumers to confirm their validity.

Lack of Transparency and Accountability

Products made internationally and imported by a corporation can have a negative impact and consequences on natural resources, the environment, human rights, safe working conditions and other labour laws as they are not subject to the same national standards.

While there are certification bodies that exist and accords that a corporation may adhere to, there is no objective and quantifiable way in which to measure a corporation's responsibilities and actions in these areas. Typically, a corporation's supply chain especially the global garment industry supply chain is relatively unknown to consumers.

(reference: https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/04/20/follow-thread/need-supply-chain-transparency-garment-and-footwear-industry)

As noted earlier, an example of the lack of transparency in supply chain is in the apparel/garment industry. On April 24, 2013, a five story building called the Rana Plaza collapsed killing 1,134 people citing it as one of the most deadliest garment factory accident in history[6].

The upper floor of the factory had been built without a permit and the building was designed for stores and offices and not a factory. The factory manufactured clothes for brands such as Benetton, Conmarche, the Children's Place, El corte Ingles, Joe Fresh, Monsoon Accessorize, Mango, Matalan, Primark and Walmart. The demand for fast fashion and inexpensive prices by clothing brands resulted in the failure to properly scrutinize factory standards for safety and respect for workers.

Nick Clegg, then UK Deputy PM and leader of the Liberal Democrats said: "... consumers have more power than they think when it comes to making choices about where they shop. Consumers expressed their outrage at the unsafe working conditions at the factory[7].

The Savar factory building collapse resulted in criticism and increased discussions around the issue of corporate social responsibility across global supply chains including authors Andreas Wieland and Robert B. Handfield in their article, "The Socially Responsible Supply Chain: An Imperative for Global Corporations)[8]. They recommended that companies need to audit products and suppliers and increase visibility beyond just first-tier suppliers but at all levels of the fashion apparel chain.

SOLUTION

The Greater Good's solution to these challenges are to provide a platform that leverages off various certification bodies and a corporation's supply chain data into a shared ecosystem via blockchain technology.

Blockchain technology was introduced by Satoshi Nakamoto in his white paper released in 2009 where he discussed a peer to peer electronic cash system called bitcoin which removed the need for banks and intermediaries. In 2013, Vitalik Buterin, introduced Ethereum, an open-source, computing platforms built upon blockchain technology but can be applied to more than just currency through the use of smart contracts. A blockchain provides a solution to these issues in two ways:

• by providing a transparent, decentralized method to digitize all of a corporation's certifications to the blockchain; and

• permitting a supply chain from producer, manufacturer, distributor, importer, transporter, storage facilities, suppliers and other involved in the creation, production, manufacture, shipping and design of a product to be shared by apparel retailers to increase transparency.

Consensus is achieved through creating a chain of accountability by approved supply chain stakeholders and audit and compliance committees established by various participating certification bodies and suppliers confirming the data. All information on the public blockchain will be visible for all to read.

Why Blockchain?

The apparel industry problem/challenge outlined above needs a blockchain solution in order for there to be transparency and decentralization.

Irreversible and Verifiable Auditable Trail

A blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger technology that records irreversible almost real time transactions of values that can be leveraged to show corporate transparency and accountability. The information cannot be changed. The irreversible nature (unless agreed to by the parties) oftransactions on the blockchain replaces traditional recordkeeping

A block on a blockchain is a collection of transactions, contracts etc. Each block references the previous block by the "hash" of its contents. The full record with data and code is replicated on every node. All nodes compete to add a block to the chain using a consensus algorithm utilizing Proof of Stake.

Once the information is added to the blockchain, it cannot be removed. Thereby, creating a verifiable and auditable trail. A blockchain can enforce transactions in an algorithmic way and achieve consensus that a transaction is final. Previously and prior to blockchains, there was a need for lawyers, notaries, banks etc to verify a transaction.

Removal of Intermediaries

A blockchain removes the necessity of third parties for record keeping transactions. The blockchain is a consensus-based digital, decentralized ledger of ordered immutable transactions. The blockchain removes the need for a trusted central organization that operates and maintains this system.

Trust

Using blockchains as a shared and secure platform, we can see not only the final state but also; overcome the weaknesses of current systems by allowing one to securely audit all transactions that brought this state of being into effect. It gives us an unprecedented level of certainty over the trustworthiness of the information. Trust between parties is increased through decentralizationand transparency removing any third partiesintermediaries such as governments to communicate their corporate socialresponsibility obligations

Transparency

Blockchain technology is the underlying system for cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum. Blockchain provides a secure, almost real time, transparent, transaction-based infrastructure for decentralization and consensus about the validity of transactions on a distributed ledger. The distributed ledger provides transparency regarding the cryptocurrency and transactions made, and can support varying levels of privacy.

Basically, the full record of data and code is replicated on every node. The block on a blockchain.

Security

Data on the blockchain cannot be manipulated. Transactions entered on the blockchain provide a clear trailto the start of the blockchain allowed any transaction tobe audited

Reduced Costs

Processes are streamlineand third party intermediaries are removed resulting in lower costs

Increase transaction speed

The removal ofintermediaries also results in increased transaction speeds

For organizations, social accountability verification is a vital part corporate responsibility. The process is not a nice-to-have frill, but growing must-have compliance need for organizations.

VALUE PROPOSITION

The Greater Good is offering a transparent, decentralized almost real time blockchain solution for verifying certifications and transparency in the supply chain industry to create accountability by fashion brands resulting in a positive impact on the environment, human rights and society as a whole.

The Greater Good token will create transparency in the fashion apparel supply chain to promote human rights, workers right, sustainability and the environment for the greater good.

THE GREATER GOOD BLOCKCHAIN PLATFORM

The Greater Good is a platform based on the Ethereum blockchain technology that will utilizea decentralized dApp (decentralized application) built on Ethereum. It will utilize smart contracts to assist brands andcorporations in fulfilling their corporate social responsibility obligations.

This permits the secure traceability of certifications as well as providing a transparent corporate supply chain. The transparency of corporate supply chains will benefit both consumers and brands.

Consumers may make more informed choices in exercising their purchasing power basedon a corporation'sculture,philosophies, choicesand adoptions of certification standards. The platform achieves this by connecting and integrating various services through a user friendly interface.

The Greater Good platform is an open extensible modular platform for sharing chain-of-custody across all the actors and systems in the supply chain ecosystem, and successful verification of audit results that are registered against the proper certification program.

The Greater Good blockchain records transactions such as the various certifications obtained by a company and validates each step of the supply chain from producer, manufacturer, certification bodies to the retailers. Such records cannot be erased and show the traceability of all transactions on the blockchain.

Given that transactions on the blockchain are immutable, the original data cannot be duplicated. However, if the issuer makes a mistake, the issuer may revoke the digital certificate with the certification authority.

The platform enables the secure traceability of certifications by various certification bodies by the following steps:

• Blockchain Data

Our solution will contain transactions contributed by various parties which shall supply the data to the Greater Good blockchain using Ethereum. These include:

1. The various Certification Authorities then registers the transaction on the blockchain as to whether an apparel brand has been certified by their organization, the date and whether they are in compliance or breach.

1. Apparel brands that voluntarily disclose their suppliers including producers, manufacturers, shippers, along with other information in their supply chain.

1. Various international human rights associations organizations and governments.

1. Bodies and advocacy group who will disclose whether a particular retailer has signed or is complying with various legislation, accords or agreement relating to the ethical production of apparel. These include entitles such as:

1. The nine member coalition that created the Apparel and Footwear Supply Chain Transparency Pledge

1. The Corporate Human Rights Benchmark

• Fashion Takes Action and

1. other similar organizations.

• Independent Auditor - An independent auditor is appointed by each of the participating apparel brands, Certification Authorities, various international human rights associations, governments and advocacy group.

The independent auditor verifies the applicable information provided by the various participating parties above with respect to certifications, supply chain, government and advocacy groups.

• Digital Certificates - The independent auditor utilizes a certificate authority (an entity that issues digital certificates cryptographically such as Symantec, Verizign, GoDaddy, Amazon) to create a digital certificate from the certification and adds these to the blockchain.

• Hash - Once issued by the independent auditor, data is compressed into a one-way hash on the blockchain.

• Digital Wallet - The digital certificates are sent to the apparel company's digital wallet. The wallet contains the issued digital certificate so that the company has the complete sharable record. The issuer uses their digital signature to provide a credential to a company, identified by a company-owned public key and logged on the blockchain.

• Verification of Data on Blockchain - The verification process checks for the certificate's integrity and validity. The solution provides an URL link to the blockchain certificate and additional identity inputs needed for verification.

The verification process ensures that the certificate is not modified by comparing hashes registered on the blockchain. It also provides the certificate was not revoked, expired and is authentic. The platform will be using Proof of Stake to verify all information and reach consensus.

• Accessing Information on Blockchain - Consumers can scan a QR code attached to a garment in the store either on their mobile phone or from a computer.

The results will display an apparel companies certifications, supply chain and all accords and other agreements that they have agreed to adhere to in a searchable database.

Accordingly, a consumer will be able to verify that an apparel company has met their corporate social obligations, certifications and practices when using factories to produce their clothes abroad.

• Smart Contracts - Smart contracts will be used to access a company's supplier data. The technology being used behind collecting this information is a decentralized application (dApp).

• Collection of Consumer Personal Information as a consumer scan a code, any personal information they input into the system will be collected as "Zero Proof Knowledge" meaning that no personal data such as address, name, phone number will be collected and their privacy will be protected unless they consent and voluntarily wish to provide this information.

The only information that will be recorded will be the particular clothing garment product ID that was scanned, location and time.

• Transaction Fees/Monetization - There is no cost to the consumer for accessing this information.

Instead, each apparel company will pay an annual licensing fee plus small transaction fee each time information is accessed. The data being collected from consumers will be shared with the apparel companies from only those consumers that purchased their products.

The Smart Contracts will require transaction fees that are paid for by using the Greater Good (GG) utility tokens.

In addition, donations will be accepted and converted into GG tokens and allocated to the reserve.

The Greater Good Project can accept donations from Charitable Organizations for the specific purpose of funding operations

• Tokens and Proposed ICO Structure The Greater Good token will be issued by a blockchain on an open source protocol. It is a computer database program on the Ethereum network and on a blockchain network compatible with smart contracts.

The GG (ERC-20) token will be used as a "utility" token to power the smart contr